Meaning of Life and Fast Lane Essay

Good coop, bad coop situation. leave well enough alone | let well enough alone Meaning: If you leave well enough alone, or let well enough alone, you don’t try to improve or change something that’s already good enough. For example: The kids seem happy enough now so let’s just leave well enough alone and forget about finding a new school for them.? skate on thin ice- Meaning: If you’re skating on thin ice, you’re doing something risky, or you’re in a situation that could quickly become dangerous. Jockey for position- Meaning: If you jockey for position, you try to get yourself in a good position in relation to others who’re competing for the same opportunity or the same goal. let the cat out of the bag – Meaning: If you let the cat out of the bag, you let someone know a secret. You could have knocked me over with a feather. – Meaning: You can say â€Å"you could have knocked me over with a feather† to show how surprised you were when something happened, or when you heard about something. add fuel to the fire If you add fuel to the fire, you do something to make a bad situation even worse. ahead of the game You are ahead of the game if you have an advantage over your competitors in any activity in which you try to do better than others, such as in business, academia, sports, etc. all the rage Informal If something is all the rage, it’s very popular or it’s in fashion at the moment. asking for trouble If someone is asking for trouble, they’re doing something risky that could lead to a problem. itchy feet Informal If you have itchy feet, you feel the need to go somewhere different or do something different. in the long run If you talk about something â€Å"in the long run†, you mean over a long period of time. At cross-purposes If you’re at cross-purposes with someone, you think you’re both talking about the same thing but you’re actually talking about different things. at loose ends If you’re at loose ends, you feel restless and unsettled because you don’t have anything to do. a blessing in disguise You can say something is a blessing in disguise if it appears to be bad at first, but it results in something very good in the end. back to square one If you have to go back to square one, you have to stop and start again, usually because something isn’t working as well as expected. bite your tongue | hold your tongue If you bite your tongue, or hold your tongue, you force yourself not to say something you really want to to say. the icing on the cake | the frosting on the cake If something is the icing on the cake, or the frosting on the cake, it makes a good situation or a good result even better. joie de vivre If you have joie de vivre, you feel the joy of living. make hay while the sun shines If you make hay while the sun shines, you make good use of the chance to do something while it lasts. Fast friends good, loyal friends. The two of them had been fast friends since college. See also: friend fast one a clever and devious trick. (Compare this with pull a fast one. ) That was a fast one. I didn’t know you were so devious. This was the last fast one like that you’ll ever catch me with. life in the fast lane a very active or possible risky way to live. (See also in the fast lane. ) Life in the fast lane is too much for me. See also: lane, life make short work of something to deal with or finish something quickly We made short work of the food that was put in front of us. fast and furious if an activity is fast and furious, it is done quickly and with a lot of energy The first half of the game was fast and furious with both teams scoring three goals each. Ngn av dessa till din story a queer fish Meaning: If someone’s a queer fish, they are a bit strange and can sometimes behave in an unusual way. For example:Your great grandfather was a queer fish, Johnny. He used to write funny poems and then he’d read them aloud to everyone on the train on his way to work let the cat out of the bag Meaning: If you let the cat out of the bag, you let someone know a secret. For example: We’d planned a surprise party for Donna, but some guy she works with let the cat out of the bag, so now she knows.? Don’t forget that this is a secret, so whatever you do, don’t let the cat out of the bag.? †There? s an elephant in the room† – Meaning: If you make a killing, you make a lot of money from a sale or a deal of some sort. For example: My aunt made a killing when she bought some shares in a company as soon as they were issued, and sold them a few weeks later for three times what she paid.? Lots of people made a killing when property values went so high back in the nineties. †Bark is worse than his bite†, †put your money where your mouth is† – prove it.. alot of not air? all hell broke loose Meaning: You can say â€Å"all hell broke loose† if a situation suddenly became violent or chaotic. Bad news travels fast ’ â€Å"Bad news† means news about â€Å"bad† things like accidents, death, illness etc. People tend to tell this type of news quickly. But â€Å"good news† (passing an exam, winning some money, getting a job etc) travels more slowly. Least said soonest mended Possible interpretation: When we do or say something bad to someone, a long apology and discussion does not help. In such a case, the less we say the better. It’s written all over your face. If you say â€Å"it’s written all over your face†, you’re saying that the expression on someone’s face is showing their true feelings or thoughts. Group 20 ENOUGH IS ENOUGH Words Relating to More Than Enough (did you get it? ) ample copious lavish myriad plethora profuse prolific superfluous surfeit Memory tips: use these mnemonics (memory devices) to boost your vocabulary. Make up your own memory clues for words in this lesson that are personally challenging. Add these tips-and your own-to your Vocabulary Notebook. Copious let yourself see the word copies within copious, and think â€Å"lots of copies. † Certainly â€Å"lots of copies† leads to the defining ideas of abundant and plentiful. Plethora Let the ple lead you to plenty. When you write plethora in your Vocabulary Notebook, underscore the ple with a colored pen or marker. Superfluous The prefix super means over and above. This knowledge is helpful because superfluous means â€Å"above what is needed; extra. â€Å" Surfeit Like super-, sur- is also a prefix meaning over and above. So a surfeit is an amount over and above what is needed. Using apperception, (http://www. merriam-webster. com/dictionary/apperception) link a word you most likely already know, surplus, to the new word, surfeit. These two-syllable synonyms even have the same number of letters! Solidify the meaning of surfeit in your memory. Ample think of the word sample but get rid of the S. and since Ample means more than enough you can think of many samples! Lavish think of marangsvisch with lakris sas! And put the letters LA from the word Lakris instead of S. Profuse(overflodande) think about refuse and proactive, because proactive is â€Å"overflowing† with vitamins. Change the re to pro Prolific, the word productive has the same meaning, so take the PRO from productive and add it with lyric which at least makes me think of lific. So think productive lyric. Myraid (skiftande mangd) think My ride†¦ Group 19 (2nd cluster for Fall Term) Wonderful You Are! Words Relating to Praise and Respect (did you get it? ) Acclaim accolade adulate esteem eulogize exalt extol laud panegyrize revere venerate Laud If you know applaud, then simply connect the new word laud to the word you already know, applaud. The meanings of these two verbs are closely connected. Plaudits means praise. Revere You remember Paul Revere from American History, right? Now, I am sure you’ll agree that it’s only right to respect, or revere one of our nation’s Founding Fathers! Another tip: you can repeat this chant to yourself over and over â€Å"Revere the Reverend. Revere the Reverend. Revere the Reverend† Acclaim think of ass, but with cc, and slajm (slaim)! Accolade think of assa, but with cc and chocolade Adulate ad-ul-ate Esteem think of S team, but with double e Eulogize think ekoloogisk / EU logisk Exalt think Exaltera, without era, since exalterad means vara upprymd like exalt. Extol, ex stol Panegyrize think, pannkakor & risgrynsgrot Venerate Think â€Å"ata vanner†, but switch place, let vanner lead you 2 Vener, and ata-ate.

Economic Disparity Essay

The term ‘economic disparity’ would literally translate to the differences in incomes and wealth between different economic strata in society. In any economy, therefore, disparities are bound to exist, since levels of skills, contribution, ownership and wealth do vary. This is as true of fully developed economies as it is of developing and underdeveloped ones. In India, however, we use the term very specifically, to point to the yawning gap that exists between the rich and the poor. We acknowledge, with occasional embarrassment, (and opposition parties with ostensible anguish), the fact that, even six decades after independence, this gross disparity still exists. To us, it is a reminder that we have not yet been able to eradicate poverty – the state in which more than a third of our population exists, without the minimum in food, clothing, shelter and dignity. There is no doubt that, as the economy develops, various economic determiners will show increase at the national (or gross) levels – investments, assets, production, incomes, and so on. This, in turn will progress to growth in national wealth to a point where, as a nation we are as well off or ‘developed’ as any other. However, it must be remembered that a nation is but a sum of the different strata of the society within it, just as a body is the sum of its parts. Looked at in this manner, it can understood that only when all the parts have the minimum required development (or ‘health’), that the whole can be considered developed or healthy. At first sight, it would seem as if there’s a difficult choice to be made – that investing in economic growth would mean the inability to devote national effort and finances towards lifting the poor out of their morass. However, when we take a broader view, we understand that it is through the first that the second objective can be achieved – while the benefits of economic growth must first fuel further economic growth and then be shared by all economic strata, the greater share must find its way to those at the very bottom of the pyramid, the economically disadvantaged, till we achieve the banishment of poverty. This seems altruistic, and may be so. However, it makes good economic sense too. Those lifted out of poverty would be freed from the need to devote every moment to sheer existence and subsistence, and would therefore be able to make positive contributions to social and economic productivity, to economic growth. Both objectives – economic growth and poverty alleviation, are therefore related and should be targeted together, for national development. Clearly, then, it is only when we have eradicated poverty, that we should consider ourselves developed in the true sense. This is why sociologists, and an increasing number of economists, are of the view that true development is reflected not in cold economic indices such as GDP, GNP or GNI, but in the HDI (Human Development Index) which takes into account three critical ‘human’ parameters – life expectancy (that reflects nutrition and health), literacy (that reflects employability) and standard of living (that reflects dignity).

French Canadians as Second Class Citizens

French Canadian as 2nd class citizens Since Canada was first formed the French were looked at as the â€Å"white negroes† and second class. This has caused multiple problems in the co-operation of the Canadian people. They were treated this way from all angles. At work at school on the streets in politics and ever at home. 33% of French were unemployed and those who did work were at English owned businesses and industries. Most were being payed the same as the females during the second world war. In the schools children were being taught a different religion in a different language. On the streets 1 5th of the people spoke English. Maurice Duplessis 20 April 1890 – 7 September 1959 served as the 16th  Premier of the canadian province of Quebec  from 1936 to 1939 and 1944 to 1959. A founder and leader of the highly conservative  Union Nationale  party. During the Duplessis reign of 1946-19594 many Anglophone Canadian investors were the owners of the majority of the companies in Quebec. On March 24, 1937 Maurice passed the Padlock law. The law was ill-defined, denied the  presumption of innocence, and clearly denied the right of  freedom of speech  to individuals. Although it did have large restrictions on the English living in Quebec. This law was one great step for the French Canadians. During World War 2 many thousand of men and some women went to war, but most French Canadians did not want to volunteer to fight in the war. This brought on the conscription crisis of 1944. Because conscription was declared late in the war, only 2463 conscripted men reached the front lines. Out of these, 79 lost their lives.

The Development of American Film Music Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

The Development of American Film Music - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that during the first half of the twentieth century, the American cinema was born in the laboratories, and grows as a means of expression and serves as a means to entertain the masses. American people thanks to three factors: The scientist, artist, and businessman. Each of these factors contributed to their configuration, stating his physiognomy and strengthens its power. It became one of the largest industries within the short span of time. In a new art, emerging from science and traditional arts, it became a powerful social factor. From 1896 to 1903 saw the genesis of the film, and successfully fulfilled its three objectives, the juicy field of business, a technique peculiar and a large audience. Littman discusses that the first civic screening of a film in the United States occurred in 1896 in New York. The projector had been developed by the inventor Thomas Alva Edison, whose company was also the producer of the shorts. The paternity of the American fiction film is often attributed to Edwin S. Porter, who in 1903 used an innovative technique of montage in the film 8 minutes Assault and robbery of a train by which different fragments from different shots of the same film come together to form a whole narrative. David Wark Griffith, a disciple of Porter developed using the principles of this panoramic shots and close-ups, as well as parallel assemblies as a means of expression to maintain dramatic tension, which became the most important pioneer of silent movies in States United.... The Birth of Hollywood Between 1915 and 1920, the film industry was gradually shifted from the East Coast to Hollywood, where new studies emerged. Film production has become an important economic sector and imposed their dominance beyond the country's borders. At that time came the major genres: the western, detective films, adventure, science fiction and terror, who lived a time of splendour with directors like Cecil B. De Mille, John Ford, Frank Capra, William Wyler and King Vidor, like most serious works by Ernst Lubitsch and Erich von Stroheim-two directors considered the best time - or documentaries by Robert Flaherty. A peculiarity of the American film was the slapstick, a gender-based persecution disparate comedy and gags or comic situations. The person responsible for the emergence of this kind in 1912 was Senett Mack, whose school was, formed Charlie Chaplin, author of The Gold Rush (1925). Other important representatives of slapstick were Buster Keaton (The driver of the overall 1927), Harold Llo yd (The student beginner 1925) and the duo formed by Stan Laurel and Oliver Hardy (From soup to nuts, 1928). The Sound Films With the introduction of talkies in the late 1920 emerged film genres: the screens began to be dominated by musicals (with many dance movies, particularly Busby Berkeley) and films by gangsters, who tried two other themes Today: the Great Depression and the Law Seca (e.g. golden Hemp, Mervyn Le Roy in 1930, or Scarface, the terror of hemp, Howard Hawks, 1932) (Grimes, 2005, pp. 15-22). The Decades Of 1940 1950 In 1941, the premiere of Citizen Kane, Orson Welles, marked a turning point for American cinema. Welles abandoned the chronological narrative and created a work of art that shook the cinematic

Does classical traditional art have more substances than Vik Mumiz's Research Paper

Does classical traditional art have more substances than Vik Mumiz's Waste Land - Research Paper Example The area is controlled by drug cartels, and occasional dead bodies are stashed in the dump. More than three thousand pickers of recyclable materials live on the site in makeshift shacks containing appliances gathered from the dump. These people live in families of small groups, and teenage girls raising small children. This piece of art depicts the state of the society by showing the current situation of the low class individuals. Classical traditional art was used to show the culture, sexuality, and the state of the society. This makes it contain more substance than the film by Vik Muniz. Renaissance films, paintings, and sculptures are marked by renewal of classical motifs and subjects of art (Thomson-Jones, 20). These themes were evident in the 17th century when artists represented a rigid classism. Classical art exhibits a preference for order, beauty, harmony, and completeness by representing nature according to an artist’s observation (Aristides, 10). Traditional art req uires a great deal of skills and methods for its production that have been lost in the modern art. This art is manifested in painting, crafting, and sculpturing that makes objects that gratify and ennoble their viewers (Gazda, 8). Artists of classical traditional art produced images that created a perception, narration, and visualization of culture, society, and self (Janson and Anthony, 15). Current artists depict the nature of civilization, post-modernism, politics, culture, and sexuality (Kennedy and Emily, 18). Muniz has used garbage and unusual substances in the dump as his media. The film is set in a dump site where trucks deposit several tones of refuse. Catadores collect recyclable materials from the garbage to make their living (Kino, 2010). Their houses are furnished by appliances and furniture collected from the dump. When Muniz first visits the site, he sees a site crowded with dump trucks and workers, as flocks of scavenger birds hover around. Garbage collectors and mon keys climb over mountains of colorful garbage looking for items that can be sold. Muniz has used these objects to create his art for the social project in the dump. Classical traditional art usually used wood, political figures, heroes and other popular figures as media. These figures gave this form of art more meaning in the society than the use of garbage and strange substances as media for the art. The individuals may be considered to be dregs of the Brazilian society, but Muniz paints them as survivors who have endured the difficult living conditions of the dump. Some of the garbage collectors have lived in the dump for more than two generations. They have survived and gotten used to the stench emanating from the rotting garbage (Kino, 2010). The catadores are considered to be unfit and rejected by the society, but Muniz portrays them as loving, healthy, and fit to run families. However, this film shows the simplicity of life in the dump for the garbage collectors. Classical tra ditional art is a masterpiece of intelligence and complexity (Thomson-Jones, 26). The intelligence and complexity envelopes the main theme of the art and penetrates deep sections of the society. A single piece of traditional art can carry several themes that are present in the current society. The simplicity of wasteland makes it incomparable to classical art as it addresses only the hard living conditions of the dump. Classical traditional art is based upon the rediscovery or the reaffirmation of the traditions

Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Finance - Essay Example ormula also clearly generated risk associated with the investment and thus shows the possible measures to take in a given risk scenario in an investment. This is a financial field which proposes the use and application of psychology based theories which are used to explain the anomalies in the stock market. In this context, the assumption in behavioral finance is the characteristics of market participants and the information structure which systematically influences the investments individual decision in the market outcome. This evident in various stock exchange markets which investors have assumed on making the best decisions. In this area, there are numerous incidents of this phenomenon in the security market which contradicts the market hypothesis in the investor’s rationality. In this context, the behavioral finance hypothesis seems to attempt to cover and replace the investment void. In any investment, this theory states that it is totally impossible to beat the market due to the efficiency of the stock market which makes the existing shares to incorporate and thus reflecting the information which is relevant in accordance to this theory. It is therefore the investor purchases the undervalued stocks or eventually sells out the stock in inflated prices. Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) Definition | Investopedia." Investopedia - Educating the world about finance. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Mar. 2013.

Do you need decoration to create a pleasing environment PowerPoint Presentation

Do you need decoration to create a pleasing environment - PowerPoint Presentation Example The modern movement was largely against the use of heavy decorations in architecture and regarded it as unnecessary and a â€Å"waste of labor† by many. However, this is in fact not true. There are numerous historical evidences which point to the contrary, i.e. decoration or the use of decorative elements in architecture has more to offer than an eye pleasing environment. As opposed to the use of structural elements such as stones, trees and ponds, decorative elements or artifacts lend a human touch to a natural scene, where most of them are known to have functional use. For instance lanterns which were extensively used as decorative elements could be used to light pathways in gardens and the water basins used in gardens could alternatively be used for purification prior to a tea ceremony and artifacts such as the Buddhist statues and miniature pagodas carried sacred inscriptions. The new Brazilian architecture (Figure 3) for example, is known for the use of such decorative elements as the glazed tiles and granite blocks of colonial art. However, besides acting as decoration, the extensive use of such materials as, tiles and granite has proved to be an excellent alternative for protection of the exterior of the buildings against rain and sun, where no other material could withhold it, especially in buildings near the sea. Where modernist architects considered the post modernist architecture as â€Å"vulgar† and dominated by heavy decorations, the post modernist architects on the other hand regarded the modernist architecture as mundane and lacking in taste The Piazza of the Campidoglio in Rome is known for its perfect synchronization on an inlaid pavement. The artistic creation and patterns used helps in creating a stunning contrast between the buildings. Although the architecture, might be regarded as lacking in structural relevance it does

History of mordern political thought Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

History of mordern political thought - Essay Example ..But mostly he wrote about politics. He was mad about politics. He says in one of his letters that he had to talk about it; he could talk of nothing else...The Prince is scarcely more than a pamphlet, a very minor fraction of its author's work, but it overshadows all the rest...Everyone recognizes "Machiavellian" as an adjective for political conduct that combines diabolical cunning with a ruthless disregard for moral standards...The Prince contradicts everything else Machiavelli ever wrote and everything we know about his life.... The notion that The Prince is what it pretends to be, a scientific manual for tyrants, has to contend not only against Machiavelli's life but against his writings... The standard explanation has been that in the corrupt conditions of sixteenth-century Italy only a prince could create a strong state capable of expansion. The trouble with this is that it was chiefly because they widened their boundaries that Machiavelli preferred republics. In the Discorsi he wrote, "We know by experience that states have never signally increased either in territory or in riches except under a free government. The cause is not far to seek, since it is the well-being not of the individuals but of the community which makes the state great, and without question this universal well-being is nowhere secured save in a republic.... Popular rule is always better than the rule of princes." (1958) Machiavelli was a nationalist, a political scientist, a scholar and a staunch republican. About the most pro-monarchic view that could possibly be ascribed to him is that a Prince might be the best way to unify Italy. Machiavelli began by writing satire of the corrupt leaders of Italy such as the Medicis, making bare their horrible and destructive ambitions, but he also created modern political science simultaneously. This paper will analyze precisely how The Prince is in fact brilliant political science. Modern political science takes something for granted that class ical analyses of politics and law would have found preposterous: Analyses of what governments actually do and how to efficently carry out objectives are just as valuable as analyses of what governments should do. The Prince describes how princes actually behave and how they should behave if they want to be effective, not if they want to be moral. The Prince opens up in a rather startling way for a philosophy book about politics and law: It describes what principalities there are (Chapter I). He goes on to distinguish separate types of rule for hereditary and mixed principalities (Chapter II and III). The Prince is proceeding with simple, clear analyses, breakdowns and categories. Filling The Prince is distinct analysis of history of the Greeks and Romans, what a modern political scientist would call a case study, providing support for his claims. Take his analysis of Nabis in Chapter IX. â€Å"Nabis, Prince of the Spartans, sustained the attack of all Greece, and of a victorious Ro man army, and against them he defended his country and his government; and for the overcoming of this peril it was only necessary for him to make himself secure against a few, but this would not have been sufficient if the people had been hostile...[G]ranted a prince who has established himself as above, who can command, and is a man of courage, undismayed in adversity, who does not fail in other qualifications, and who, by his resolution and energy, keeps the whole people encouraged — such a one will never find himself deceived in them, and it will be shown that

Gilded Age Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Gilded Age - Essay Example Workers believed improvement of their working conditions would lead to improvement of their health and living standards. The trade unions during the gilded age were not able to deliver workers expectations to the full. The National Labor Union, which was an American Trade Union founded in 1866, had been formed to represent both skilled and unskilled workers. The party would not fight for the rights of the Black women because they were not allowed to join the union. The union main aim was to fight for less working hours, increased wage rate and better working conditions. The union had those as its goals but had to deal with the great depression together with immigrant workers who were not members of the union. The immigrants did replace workers within the manufacturing industries who did strike and were laid off (Zinn and Arnove 102). The employers took advantage of this situation not to bind with the demand of the trade union. The depression was a serious blow to the National Labor U nion and its members, where workers had to take any job without choosing the pay, working hours or the conditions. Some employers did even reduce the average wage they gave to their workers during the depression without fear of the trade union. Withdrawal of members from the Union and leadership wrangles led to death of the union. Strikes led by the trade unions mostly did not yield good working conditions but led to loss of properties, death of workers and innocent citizens. The great rail road strike during the gilded age is a good example of how trade union and strikes did not gain anything in resolution of disputes. The strike was caused by the railway company cutting the wages of its employers by 10 percent. The cut in the wage was followed by a second cut which triggered a strike by railway workers. The government used federal army to quell the strike while the National Guard was out done by the striking workers. After the suppression of the striking workers by the soldiers, w ork had to resume with the reduced wage rate in the organization. This situation shows how government dealt ruthlessly with any striking workers leading to workers resuming job without their demands being met. Trade unions that organized mass action were sometime disbanded by government. Members were branded as either terrorist or gangs carrying out organized crimes. The jailing of workers is a sign of how trade union led to fall of some of their member who had to spend time serving jail terms. The knight trade union had its members blamed for the bombing of the Hay Market in Chicago. The Knight mass came to get under in 1890 after a number of unsuccessful strikes for the eight hour working conditions (Schlup and Ryan 271). The period saw miners working under deplorable conditions leading to death of 556 and 1565 miners within the Anthracite fields (Schlup and Ryan 271). All this happened during the gilded period when trade union was supposed to be protecting miners from such inhuma n treatment. Trade union formed to solve issues on improving salary of miners on a sliding basis failed. In 1874 workers wages were reduced with the existence of the trade unions. The miner took the opportunity of the strike to destroy properties belonging to the mining companies like the Gowen mines. Any worker who tried to get back to work was threatened with death from other miners leading to deplorable living condition among the workers. The

Ancient to Modern Art History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ancient to Modern Art History - Essay Example The essay "Ancient to Modern Art History" investigates modern art history, ancient history and analyzes figure of St Augustine. He was a gifted writer in theological works. â€Å"The good which I now sought was not outside myself. I did not look for it in things which are seen with the eye of the flesh by the light of the sun. For those who try to find joy in things outside themselves easily vanish away into emptiness. They waste themselves on the temporal pleasures of the visible world. Their minds are starved and they nibble at empty shadows†. This is an example of many of his sayings, by which he meant that he was happy with the beauty that he had of himself and nothing he could see from the world, would ever impress him. The fulfillment he had was the acceptance of Christ and a strong belief in serving God that replaced all other aesthetic beauty that could entice the body. The beauty and precision in the detailing of Mausoleum of Galla Placidia Ravenna, in Italy, which we re built with the most precious of stones; such as such as marble and gold, placed mosaics to precision in every detail, like in the arrangement of more than the 800 stars on the roof, the alignment of the cross on the vault, the depiction of Christ as a good shepherd, all depict the visual beauty of Christianity that has attracted more tourists than believers to the religion. A fascinating mosaic inside on the south side of the Mausoleum of Galla Placidia Ravenna, in Italy, is a depiction of a man believed to have been St. Lawrence.